{"id":6912,"date":"2025-05-13T06:43:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T03:43:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/?p=6912"},"modified":"2025-05-13T06:43:42","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T03:43:42","slug":"%ce%bf-%ce%b5%cf%80%ce%af%cf%83%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%bf%cf%82-%ce%bc%cf%8d%ce%b8%ce%bf%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%cf%80%ce%bb%ce%b7%ce%b8%cf%89%cf%81%ce%b9%cf%83%ce%bc%ce%bf%cf%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/?p=6912","title":{"rendered":"\u039f \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03cd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 &#8211; Iain Davis\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/economic-update-ukraine-crisis-adds-to-inflationary-pressures\/\">\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039f\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a>. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/economy\/inflationandpriceindices\/bulletins\/consumerpriceinflation\/latest\">\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc&nbsp;<\/a>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 0% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 3%, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2%. \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 4%, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2022 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 6% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039f\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d17b83-ca05-484c-96cb-7bfbe901e78d_640x440.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0d17b83-ca05-484c-96cb-7bfbe901e78d_640x440.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0398\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 BBC: e&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.fo\/hyrwv\">What is the UK\u2019s inflation rate and why is the cost of living going up?<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf BBC \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd&nbsp;<strong>\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0394\u03a4\u039a).&nbsp;<strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf BBC \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5, \u03bf \u0394\u03a4\u039a (CPI) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf CPIH, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2- \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf BBC \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd -\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.fo\/zwd3S\">\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1<\/a>&#8211; \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf BBC \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Brexit \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf BBC \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 1,25% \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.fo\/8d1VL\">\u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/a>&nbsp;(\u03bf \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1) \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac 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\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf BBC \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf BBC \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf BBC \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<em>\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<strong>&nbsp;\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 John Maynard Keynes (\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 Keynes of Tilton). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5:&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/15776\/15776-h\/15776-h.htm\">The Economic Consequences of Peace<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(<em>\u039f\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/em>) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1920, \u03bf Keynes \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u039b\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1- \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. [&#8230;] \u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 &#8220;\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9&#8221;. [&#8230;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u039b\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f Keynes&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mises.org\/wire\/keynes-eugenics-race-and-population-control\">\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2,<\/a>&nbsp;\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Cambridge, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.fo\/lexxZ\">Malthusian League&nbsp;<\/a>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039b\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf 1946,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2986310\/pdf\/eugenrev00247-0048.pdf\">\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/a>&nbsp;\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u00ab\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 -\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ahrp.org\/american-eugenics-bad-seed-or-bad-science\/\">\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03b1<\/a>&#8211; \u03bf Keynes \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/galton.org\/books\/hereditary-genius\/text\/v5\/galton-1869-hereditary-genius-v5.htm\">\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u0390\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>&nbsp;\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, Francis Galton. \u039f Keynes, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Galton, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_140,h_140,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd05c41c-2bca-4428-b9a7-0847811710f8_1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae: \u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7;\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae: \u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7;<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/profile\/16201734-apollodoros\">Apollodoros<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\">Read full story<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/9cc\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03b8\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2- \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc&nbsp;<strong>\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf. \u0391\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 BBC \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/111314\/what-causes-inflation-and-does-anyone-gain-it.asp\">\u039f \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/a>&nbsp;\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 (cost-push) \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (demand-pull). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd-&nbsp;<strong>\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7.&nbsp;<strong>\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5.&nbsp;<strong>\u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9. \u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd &#8211; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9. \u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Keynes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf -\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf- \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bf \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf Keynes. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.&nbsp;<strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.&nbsp;<strong>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052748703405704575015520823655314\">\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5&nbsp;<\/a>\u03c4\u03bf 2010 \u03bf Alexander Dielius, \u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Goldman Sachs \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2. \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/professorwerner.org\/\">Richard A. Werner<\/a>&nbsp;\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5:&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210524103720\/https:\/\/dora.dmu.ac.uk\/bitstream\/handle\/2086\/17269\/IRFA%202014%20Werner%20Can%20banks%20individually%20create%20money%20out%20of%20nothing.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">Can Banks Individually Create Money Out Of Nothing?<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1;), \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03b4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf 200.000 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2&nbsp;<strong>Werner&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 [&#8230;] \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u00ab\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5\u00bb \u03b5\u03be \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc, \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u00bb, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae Werner.&nbsp;<strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1,<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Werner, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd&nbsp;<strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>: \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Werner \u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf Werner \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u00bb. \u039c\u03b9\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1924, \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf Keynes \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Midland Bank, Reginald McKenna, \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03cc\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b1\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ia903208.us.archive.org\/19\/items\/1928-mckenna-postwar-banking-policy\/1928%20McKenna%20%5BHT1%5D%20Post-War%20Banking%20Policy%20OCRe.pdf\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5&nbsp;<\/a>(\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd), \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a6\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03a4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f McKenna \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf 2014, \u03b7 \u03a4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220117164624\/https:\/\/www.bankofengland.co.uk\/-\/media\/boe\/files\/quarterly-bulletin\/2014\/money-creation-in-the-modern-economy\">\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210826231349\/https:\/\/amp.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2014\/mar\/18\/truth-money-iou-bank-of-england-austerity\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/a>&nbsp;\u039a\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/francescoppola\/2017\/10\/31\/how-bank-lending-really-creates-money-and-why-the-magic-money-tree-is-not-cost-free\/?sh=53abf80e3073\">\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9.<\/a>&nbsp;\u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf Forbes \u03c4\u03bf 2015, \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.specialistspeakers.com\/?p=8055\">Frances Coppola<\/a>&nbsp;\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u00ab\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u00bb. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9. [&#8230;] \u039f\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc. \u039f \u03b5\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd: \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. [&#8230;] \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u00ab\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f Coppola \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd (\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2) \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2), \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 (\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2)&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2:&nbsp;<strong>\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd&nbsp;<strong>\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5,&nbsp;<strong>\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Coppola, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u00bb, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2- \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03bf&nbsp;<em>ad infinitum<\/em>&nbsp;(\u03b5\u03c0&#8217; \u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd),&nbsp;<strong>\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1) \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf Coppola \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. [&#8230;] \u0391\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.londonstockexchange.com\/raise-finance\/debt\/our-products\/gilts\">gilt-edged securities<\/a>&nbsp;(\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf) \u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 gilts. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1:&nbsp;<strong>\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2&nbsp;<strong>\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2<strong>&nbsp;\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd<strong>&nbsp;\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.&nbsp;<strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1&nbsp;<\/strong><em><strong>\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/em><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0394\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1&nbsp;<strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9,<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.&nbsp;<strong>\u039f \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a9\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u0388\u03bb\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 (\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/inflation\">\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd.<\/a>&nbsp;\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd. \u0397 \u03a4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (BoE) \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2. [&#8230;] \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae [&#8230;] \u039f \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 BoE \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u00bb. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03a4\u039a \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2\u00bb \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 (push and pull).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 BoE \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc:&nbsp;<strong>\u00ab\u0397 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 &#8211; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 BoE \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 BoE, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af.&nbsp;<strong>\u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2&nbsp;<strong>\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af&nbsp;<strong>\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03cc\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1), \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0397 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8014293\/\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/a>&nbsp;\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1,&nbsp;<strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<strong>\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd) \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u039f \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u00bb \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 \u00ab\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/inflation#Etymology\">&nbsp;\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1&nbsp;<\/a>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd =&nbsp;<em><strong>\u0391\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 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href=\"https:\/\/mises.org\/library\/economic-freedom-and-interventionism\/html\/p\/123\">&nbsp;Ludwig von Mises&nbsp;<\/a>\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 [\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2], \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 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\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 BoE \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankofengland.co.uk\/monetary-policy\/inflation\/inflation-calculator\">\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.&nbsp;<\/a>\u03a4\u03bf 1970, \u03bc\u03b5 10 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf 2021, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 363,61 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7<strong>&nbsp;\u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 97% \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 50 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 BoE \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 2%, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 97% \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<strong>&nbsp;5,2%<\/strong>. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u0393\u03b7\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ac \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd Threadneedle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 BoE \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb -\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf John Maynard Keynes&nbsp;<strong>\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039a\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.is\/vryR1\">Milton Friedman \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u00ab\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u00bb, \u03bf Friedman \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u0391\u0395\u03a0). \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/g\/gdp.asp\">\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af<\/a>&nbsp;\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0391\u0395\u03a0, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af -\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf \u03a6\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd- \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.is\/dL9Jv\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/a>&nbsp;(\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 50%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03ca\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1930 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0396\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.&nbsp;<strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2&nbsp;<strong>\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf,&nbsp;<strong>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1&nbsp;<strong>\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.is\/R9K8P\">\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf Cantillion<\/a>. \u039f \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03b4\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Richard_Cantillon\">Richard Cantillion&nbsp;<\/a>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af&nbsp;<strong>\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_140,h_140,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6d45512-7634-4316-89b1-f6be3c78ca61_775x421.webp\" alt=\"\u03a4\u03bf \u03a6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf Cantillon - \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0399\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u0395\u03c3\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03a6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf Cantillon &#8211; \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0399\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u0395\u03c3\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/profile\/16201734-apollodoros\">Apollodoros<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00b7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr 21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\">Read full story<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/apollodoros.substack.com\/p\/cantillon\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b1<\/strong>. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd&nbsp;<em>\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af<\/em>&nbsp;\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03a4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af 1.000 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd (\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd) \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 1.000 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 1.000 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u0395\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a5\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 (NYMEX).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b2\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 1.000 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 900 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac \u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 1.000 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 750 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0395\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 1.250 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 Cantillion \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce \u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u00bb \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac- \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf Keynes. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf Keynes, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039b\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0393\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf&nbsp;<strong>\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2: \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0397 \u03a0\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039b\u03cc\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220220164443\/https:\/\/researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk\/documents\/CBP-9309\/CBP-9309.pdf\">\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Covid-19<\/a>. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 315 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 410 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 4.700 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 6.100 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 2019\/20, \u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 2020\/21 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 55 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 323 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 -\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2), \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 NHS- \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039b\u03cc\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220220170628\/https:\/\/researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk\/documents\/CBP-8866\/CBP-8866.pdf\">Coronavirus: Economic Impact<\/a>, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u03a4\u03bf \u0391\u0395\u03a0 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 9,7% \u03c4\u03bf 2020, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1948 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1921. [&#8230;] \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 [&#8230;] \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 80% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u0395\u03a0, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 95% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u0395\u03a0.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u00bb \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/in-this-together.com\/lokin-20\/\">\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd<\/a>, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u039b\u03cc\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u0395\u03a0. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/economy\/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes\/publicspending\/bulletins\/ukgovernmentdebtanddeficitforeurostatmaast\/september2021\">\u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a>&nbsp;(ONS), \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf 103,7% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u0395\u03a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03a4\u03c4\u0395 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9. \u0397 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7&nbsp;<strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (QE-Quantitative Easing)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 BoE \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 QE \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.is\/yiGW2\">\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 [&#8230;] \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd [&#8230;] \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u00bb \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 19 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2020 &#8211; \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 Public Health England (\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u00ab\u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u00bb)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid\">\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf COVID-19<\/a>&nbsp;\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (HCID) \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 &#8211; \u03b7 \u03a4\u03c4\u0395 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.fo\/bxfMl\">\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd&nbsp;<\/a>(APF) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Covid-19\u00bb. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 gilts), \u03b7 BoE \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u00ab\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2\u00bb&nbsp;<strong>\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1&nbsp;<strong>\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 (\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/investing\/primary-and-secondary-markets\/\">\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/a>&nbsp;\u03a4\u03bf APF \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd BoE \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 M1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 M2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u039c1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc 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\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 (\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1) \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u039c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2020, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 2,45 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2). \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/united-kingdom\/money-supply-m2\">\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc<\/a>. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd -\u03c4\u03bf 2010, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5- \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e71eddc-6e56-4b2d-a133-5f9a3a952543_640x360.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e71eddc-6e56-4b2d-a133-5f9a3a952543_640x360.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UK M2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 25 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d3ab548-e973-4f90-ae5c-5d23ad21b851_640x365.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d3ab548-e973-4f90-ae5c-5d23ad21b851_640x365.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UK M2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021, \u03c4\u03bf M2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 2,99 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1). \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 BoE \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 540 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 60% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 895 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 QE \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 BoE \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 2009. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 QE \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u0395\u03a0 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u0395\u03a0 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/v\/velocity.asp\">\u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/a>&nbsp;\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1, \u03b7 \u039f\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03a4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391 (Fed), \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac M1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1,6 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2020 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<strong>&nbsp;7,4&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6a195e2-ca16-4bc6-98d2-e8b8b7199882_640x220.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6a195e2-ca16-4bc6-98d2-e8b8b7199882_640x220.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">US M1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf QE \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf QE, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.&nbsp;<strong>\u03a4\u03bf QE \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039e\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2020, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukcolumn.org\/article\/there-is-no-pandemic\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7&nbsp;<\/a>\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/in-this-together.com\/pnnt\/\">\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/a>, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u039c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (lockdown). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf QE \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b2\u03b3\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 FED, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8&#8217; \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 QE \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.&nbsp;<strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febc6ef88-67c9-421e-a942-106925a040da_640x240.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febc6ef88-67c9-421e-a942-106925a040da_640x240.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">US \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 M2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (\u00ab\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf)&nbsp;<strong>\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03a4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf,&nbsp;<strong>\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03b7&nbsp;<\/strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 100% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u0395\u03a0, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b1.&nbsp;<strong>\u03a4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><strong>***\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc.: <\/strong>\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039f\u039b\u0391 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf slush fund \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9&nbsp;<em>\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2&nbsp;<\/em>\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ce \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (\u00ab\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2\u00bb) \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd 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\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/f\/financial-market.asp\">&nbsp;\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/a>. \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (\u03bf 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\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 3,5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd 510 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eef1c70-2eaa-4b35-bbad-7c279c94e6f2_640x360.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eef1c70-2eaa-4b35-bbad-7c279c94e6f2_640x360.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UK M3 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 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\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/united-kingdom\/stock-market\">\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 FTSE 100&nbsp;<\/a>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa937e242-5b3b-4171-9345-78c34602c245_640x444.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa937e242-5b3b-4171-9345-78c34602c245_640x444.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">FTSE100 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 BoE \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u00bb, \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukcolumn.org\/article\/the-not-so-great-carbon-reset-part-2\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1<\/a>&nbsp;(\u03a3\u0394\u0399\u03a4) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/ask\/answers\/052715\/how-big-derivatives-market.asp\">\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1&nbsp;<em>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf<\/em>&nbsp;\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.digitaljournal.com\/pr\/seaweed-derivatives-market-size-worth-3903-91-million-by-2028-cagr-6-5-the-insight-partners\">\u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03ba\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd 4 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 (4.000.000.000 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1) \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2027.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1&nbsp;<em>\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd<\/em>&nbsp;\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u00ab\u03bc\u03cc\u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u00bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 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\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 1%, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 10% \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 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\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2020, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd CPIH \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2021 -\u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2,&nbsp;<strong>\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd&nbsp;<\/strong><em><strong>\u03ae\u03b4\u03b7<\/strong><\/em><strong>&nbsp;\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong>. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.&nbsp;<strong>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde360883-74c0-4bb7-b3a8-f37748789c5d_640x530.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde360883-74c0-4bb7-b3a8-f37748789c5d_640x530.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">UK CPIH \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 10 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0397 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9. \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b9. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 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\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8RgRGWlDo70\">\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf. \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishconstitutiongroup.com\/articles\/the-bradbury-to-the-rescue-by-justin-walker\">&nbsp;\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.<\/a>&nbsp;\u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae,&nbsp;<strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9&nbsp;<em>\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/em>&nbsp;\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5. \u0397 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1- \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039f \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Iain Davis: \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2, blogger, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf IainDavis.com.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>&#8212;<\/strong><\/em><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Official Myth of Inflation | UKColumn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukcolumn.org\/article\/the-official-myth-of-inflation\">https:\/\/www.ukcolumn.org\/article\/the-official-myth-of-inflation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c4 \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac:\u00a0\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 &#8211; Iain Davis\u00a0 \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9&nbsp;\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039f\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2&nbsp;\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6912"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6914,"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6912\/revisions\/6914"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oudensxolion.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}